Julie Thompson Klein attests that 'the roots of the concepts lie in a number of ideas that resonate through modern discourse-the ideas of a unified science, general knowledge, synthesis and the integration of knowledge', while Giles Gunn says that Greek historians and dramatists took elements from other realms of knowledge (such as medicine or philosophy) to further understand their own material.

6 Efforts to simplify and defend the conceptĪlthough 'interdisciplinary' and 'interdisciplinarity' are frequently viewed as twentieth century terms, the concept has historical antecedents, most notably Greek philosophy.

3.1 Politics of interdisciplinary studies.

3 Interdisciplinary studies and studies of interdisciplinarity.

For example, the subject of land use may appear differently when examined by different disciplines, for instance, biology, chemistry, economics, geography, and politics. The adjective interdisciplinary is most often used in educational circles when researchers from two or more disciplines pool their approaches and modify them so that they are better suited to the problem at hand, including the case of the team-taught course where students are required to understand a given subject in terms of multiple traditional disciplines. Interdisciplinarity can likewise be applied to complex subjects that can only be understood by combining the perspectives of two or more fields.

Interdisciplinary may be applied where the subject is felt to have been neglected or even misrepresented in the traditional disciplinary structure of research institutions, for example, women's studies or ethnic area studies. The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS or global warming requires understanding of diverse disciplines to solve complex problems. Interdisciplinarity involves researchers, students, and teachers in the goals of connecting and integrating several academic schools of thought, professions, or technologies-along with their specific perspectives-in the pursuit of a common task. The term interdisciplinary is applied within education and training pedagogies to describe studies that use methods and insights of several established disciplines or traditional fields of study. However, the term 'interdisciplinary' is sometimes confined to academic settings.

Large engineering teams are usually interdisciplinary, as a power station or mobile phone or other project requires the melding of several specialties. It is related to an interdiscipline or an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions emerge. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, etc. Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project).

Venture forthe discipline levels